Vania



A, PAPIN'. AUTOMATIC HEATER FOR WATER AND THER LIQUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED APFLZE, 1920.

Patented Nov. 16, 1920.

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UNITE-n .STATES PATE-NT OFFICE.

ANTONIO 'PAPINL on PIIILADELPLIIAQPENNSYLVANIA, AssIGNon To A MECIIYCOMPANY, or PHILADELPHIA PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION or PENNSYL VANIA.

T all 'it may concern.' y f ABe'it known thatgL ANTONIO P APINI, asubject of the King @f Italy, having lresided inthe United States oneyear last past, and having declared my .intentions of becoming a citizenthereof residing -in the city vand county of Philadelphia, tate ofPennsylvania, have invented a new and useful-Automatic'Hea'ter for Waterand other Liquid, of which the vfollowing is a, specification,-Y My'invention vconsists of 1ajnovel construction of .an automaticelectric"fheater fon wateror otherliquid, whereinf'I Y'employ a batte4 lofcarbontubes or openendedv carbon' cy inders connected in 'series witha heat` ing .coil or element, whosefoh'inic resistance is ten times ormore,`that of the carbonwhen immersed in water.;

My invention further consists of a novel construction of a heater case,having at its upper'. and Vlower portions porcelainv apertured platesof'novel construction and provided with spacing'devices for enabling thebattery of carbon tubes or open endedfcylinders to be accurately andpositively-positioned and' retained with respect to each other in saidcasing.

My invention further consists of a novel manner'of assembling a batteryof carbon cylinders, a'porce'lain muffler and its resist ance coil inseries with said battery and with respect to the upper and lowerapertured porcelain disks and the cover of the casing, whereby all ofthe parts are effectively housed when in assembled condition, v Itfurther consists of a novel manner of assembling thecarbons,'resistanc'coil and their adjuncts, whereb the fluid vif;effectively and V automatical y heated and a freecirculationithereofpermitted. A

Itfurther consists of a novel manner of insulating 'and ,sealing theconnections for the electrical conductors. i

It further consists of a novel construction of upper and lower aperturedinsulating disks, which are provided with spacing devices or positioningthe battery of carbons employed. v f

. It further consists of other novel features Offconstruction, all aswill hereinafter be fully set forth. g

bor the purpose of illustrating Iny invention, I have shownin theaccompanying drawings one form thereof which is at presspecification ofLetters Patent. l Patented NOV, 16, 192@ Application ma'ApriI 2 6, 1920.seria; No. 376,445.

AUTOMATIC IIEATEPLPOR WATER AND oTHEIg, LIQUIDs.

ent preferred by me, since the same will be found In practlce t0' givesatisfactory and reliable results, although it is 'to Vbe understoodthat the 'various in strumentalitiesV of which my invention consists`can be variously arranged and organized and-that my invention is notvlimitedto the precise'arrangement and Organization of these.instrumentalities as herein shownand described.

.Figure llj'represents a'-vertical. sectional v'view 'of-anvautomaticelectric liquid heater embodying :my-invention. .:fff'

F1g.2 represents asection on=line12y2 of tig; 8 -representson 'anlenlarged scale-a vertical-sectional view of the' top cover plate, showmg:the lnsulatingiand sealing devices em i, 1

1g. 4 represents a plan view of the under sideof 'the upper porcelaindisk employed.

Fig. 5 represents a top plan viewfo'fth'e bottom porcelainfdiskshowingthe spacing devices thereon.

Fig. 6 represents-a section on the line 6 6 OfFig.4.'""'V-' Fig. 8represents 'a`wiring'diagram, showing the electrical connectionscommonfto the battery of carbon tubes or open'ended'cylinders employedand nthe resistance coil, connected ingseries with said battery. v-

Similar numeralsy of referenceA indicate corresponding parts. 'y v Y 1designates -Iny-novel construction of electric water heater, wherein Iemploy thecase 2, which may be cast out of white 'metal or the like, andis provided with'the'bottom 3, having f-a central depressed portion 4.-,wherebythe inlet'chambe'r 5 is formed ,which communicates with the inlet6 for thewater or other fluid to be heated` the flow 'thereof to saidinlet being controlled by'any suitable valve, cock or the like, which itis unnecessary to show or describe in' detail. 7- desig nates the'outlet for the heated liquid, which is located at the lower portion ofthe case 2, while the upper portlon of the latter is cast open andprovided with the horizontal seat or shoulder 8, above which extends theannular flange 9, which is internally threaded at 10. f

11 designates a steam packing washer 'which is supported on the seat 8,and upon which rests the outer deflected ring or flange Fig. 7represents a side elevation of Fig. 5.d

f screwedinto the ring 14.

1 2 pf the "top merhberis, whiifis iiid in pti s1t1on in the upper partof the case 2 by the externally threaded ring 14, which is screwed 1ntp''engagement AvWith the threaded portion 1 0 by 'means of'a spannerwrenchor the like, whereby the top ,ofthe case 2is tightly closed or sealed.Vv15 designates the" coverfor the electrical connections 16 land 17,which is `-an invertedf'ia'nged cup held in position with respect to;the ri ng 14 vandthe top 13 by the screws 18, which may be Atltheibottomfof the case 2,- and above the chamber 5, I locate-the disk19 of-:porcelain lor. .the like' whose shape in cross .section will bevunderstood from the bottom of Fig. 1 andwhich ihas :an .outerflangedporT lugs 255 and `the ,outer ispacingvdugs 26,

which serve-to accurately position vthe bottoms of the carbon tubes oropen ended cylind-e rs 27, 28, and 29, wh i;h areconcentrically arrangedin the orderstated, whereby thin, annular, water circulating passages30, 31, 32 and 33 `are formed,r.the in nerpassage .30 being in directcommunication with; the 'main inlet =6 t hrough the chamber 5- and ports24 and 23, as will be understood from 34 des.; ateaaeentral-npenndedJP01celain m e having. a .coiled resistance -wire 35 coiledaroundorsecuredtoit. vIt will be evident-thatfthe ,battery of carbons .27, 28 and 29 isconnected in ser-ies with the heating Coil or element 3 5, andlprefer tohave the ohmic resistance ofthe latter aboutten times ormorethatof v'thecarbons when immersed in water. i

The upper ends .of the concentric carbon cylinders V27, 28, and 29 arepositioned 'between the inner lugs 36 and the outer lugs 37 of the upperporcelain plate f 3'8 which has the top boss 39 thereon, which contactswith the bottom ofthe top member or cover 13, sov that .when the partsare assembled, as seen in Fig. `1, it Vwill be apparent that the centralmuiile and the carbon cylinders are effeI tively held in assembledposition.

The top plate38 is. rovided with the cen- .tral port 40, which a ineswith the passage 41 through the Vmufile 34, the latter having the bottomlateral ports 42 therein, and being also provided .with the annular rowoi ports 43, which communicate with the water chamber 30, while theelongated inner'and outer ports 44 and 45 (see Figs. 1^ and -4) affordcommunication with the water 1charn- BEST AVAILABLE 90m bers32respectively. The lower portions of the outer carbon cylinders 28 and29, have the recesses 46 and 47 therein, so that a free circulationofthe heated medium by reason of the ports and passages above describedis provided from the inlet to the outlet 7.

It is essential that the electrical connections tothe resistanoe coil 35be AWaterti ht andproperly insulated and in Figs. 1 an 3,

- assembled position by Ythe vscrew 54 'and nut v-asseen in 'liig 3, andavery'eiiicient sealing, and-insulating vdevice is thus produced.

VAAs alreadyrexplaine d, the lower-end ofthe .conductor 53 leads to thebottom of the vresistance coil y35, while from the top of the latterleads the conductor 56 to the to of the intermediate carbon cylinder 28.*rom thetop of the innerand outer carbon'cylinders 27 and 29 lead theconductors 57'vand 58 to the conductor 59, which latter through :themedium of the insulating andv sealing devicesseen in the upper left handortion of F ig; 1 l(conforming to those seen in Fig. 3) isin electricalcommunication with the conductor 17.

I line the inside wall of the' case2 with porcelain or other insillatingmaterial, as

indicated at.0, and I also line the inside of y the inner carboncylinder or tube with a similar. insulating lining of porcelain or thelike 61, as -will be understood from Fig. 1.

The. operation .is as follows The water or .other liquid to be heated onbeing admittedthrough the inlet 6, flows through the chamber 5, ports 23and 24 upwardly through the-chamber 30 in proximity to the resistance35. and thence through the ports 43, 44 and 45 to the annular chambers31and32 and thence downwardly throu h the recessesr46 and 47 to the outlet7. en the water level reaches the proper height'in the chambers betweenthe carbons 27, 28 and 29. it closes the electric circuit, and thecurrent passes through the reslstance coil 35, whlch latter becomesheated and imparts its heat to the liquid in proximity thereto and theheated liquid is discharged through the holes-or recesses 46 and 47 andtheoutlet 7 as i"ill be evident to those skilled in thisart.

When the flow of, the water orV other liquid ceases or the cock (notshown) in lthe inlet 6 is closed, the water between the carhaving 5immediately becomes dried out and the circuit being opened, the current1s practically shut oii' at once, so that there is no waste ofelectrical energy.

My novel device is entirely no moving parts is obviously not liable toget out of order. Y

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an automatic electric heater, a battery of open-ended carboncylinders of different diametels, and a resistance coil supportedconcentrically within the smaller of said cylinders and connected inseries with said battery and having an ohmic resistance substantiallyten'times that of said battery when immersed in water.

, 2. In an automatic electric heater, a battery of open-ended carboncylinders of different diameters concentrically arranged, a

mufiler located within the cylinder of lesser diameter, and aresistancecoil on said muffler connected in series with said battery andhaving anohmic resistance of substantially ten times that ofsaid battery whenimmersed in a liquid.

3. In an automatic electric heater, a battery of open-ended carboncylinders of uniform length and different diameters concen- 85 tricallyarranged, a inuler located in the cylinder of lesser diameter, aresistance coil on said muilier connected in serieswith said battery andhaving an ohmic resistance of ten times that of said battery when im-4'0 mersed in the liquid to be heated, and apertured retaining devicescontacting with the ends of said cylinders for spacing and retaining thelatter in assembled position.

4;. In an automatic electric heater, a battery of open-ended carboncylinders of different diameters concentrically arranged, a mulilerlocated within said cylinders, a resistance coil on said muiilerconnected in series with said battery and having an p ohmic resistanceof substantially ten times that of said battery when immersed in water,upper and lower apertured non-conducting plates engaging the ends ofsaid cylinders, and spacing devices on said plates for concentricallypositioning said cylinders.

5. In a device of the character stated, a battery of open-ended carboncylinders of different diameters concentrically arranged,

a resistance coil supported concentrically within the smaller of saidcylinders and connected in series with said battery and having an ohmicresistance substantially ten times that of said battery when immersed inwater, a case surrounding said battery,

automatic and sealing devices for the top of said case, upper and lowerplates engaging the ends of said cylinders, and spacing lugs on saidplates for positioning the upper and lower portions of said cylinders.

6. In an automatic electric heater, a case, a cover plate therefor, aninlet and outlet for the fiuid to be heated at the lower portion of saidcase, a lower non-conducting plate supported on the bottom of said case,spacing devices on the top of said plate, a battery of concentric carboncylinders supported upon said lower plate, and an upper non-conductingplate having spacing devices on the bottom thereof, whereby saidcylinders are held in concentric alinement, said plates having portstherein to permit circulation of the liquid to be heated, in combinationwith a resistance coil connected in series with said cylinders.

7. In an automatic electric heater, a case, a cover plate therefor, aninlet and outlet for the fluid to be heated at the lower portion of saidcase, a lower non-conducting plate supported on the bottom of said case,spacing devices on the top of said plate, a battery of concentric carboncylinders supported upon said plate and positioned by said spacingdevices, and an upper plate having spacing devices on the bottom thereofand adapted to position the upper portions of said cylinders, said upperplate having a projection formed integral therewith and contacting withthe bottom of said cover plate for securing the parts in assembledposition.

8. In an automatic electric heater, a case, a cover plate therefor, aninlet and outlet for the fluid to be heated at the lower portion of saidcase, a lower non-conducting plate supported on the bottom of said case,spacing devices on the top of said plate, a battery of concentric carboncylinders supported upon said plate and positioned by said spacingdevices, and an upper plate having spacing devices on the bottom thereofand adapted to position the upper portions of said cylinders, said upperplate having a projection on its top contacting with the bottom of saidcover plate for securing the parts in assembled position, in combinationwith a resistance coil connected in series with said cylinders.

9. In an automatic electric heater, a case, a cover plate therefor, aninlet and outlet for the fiuid to be heated at the lower portion of saidcase, a lower apertured nonconducting4 plate supported on the bottom ofsaid case, spacing devices on the top of said plate, a battery ofconcentric carbon cylinders supported upon said plate and located withinthe inner of said cylinders and supported between said plates, a mufilepositioned within the inner cylinder, a resistance coil carried by saidmuflle and connected in series to said battery and having an ohmicresistance of ten times that of said battery when immersed in water,said case inclosing said battery, and having on its interior a lining ofnon-conducting material, and a non-conducting lining on the innerperiphery of the inner cylinder.

l0. In an automatic electric heater, a battery of open-ended carboncylinders of uniform length and' diierent diameters, upper and lowerapertured non-conducting plates having spacing. devices thereon forpositioning the upper and lower ends of said cylinders, a hollownon-conducting muilier located within the inner of said cylinders andsupported: between said plates, a resistance coil carried by saidymuffler and connected in series to said battery and having an ohmicresistance of ten' times that `of said battery when immersed in water,aicasefinclosing said battery and having inletand outlet openingsbottom;` and sealing devices Jforv the top of-saidcaseA l1; In anautomatic electric heater, a battery 1 of' open-ended carbon cylindersof differentI diameters, npper and lower nonicon'- ducting plates havingspacing devices thereon for positioning'the-upper and lower ends of saidcylinders, a-non-conducting muffler locatedwithin the inner-of saidcylinders and supported between said plates, a'resistance coil carriedby said muHerfand connected in series to said battery and having anohmic resistance of ten times that of said battery when immersed inwater, a case inclosing said battery and having on its interior a liningof. non-conducting material, and a non-conductingtlining on the innerperiphery of the inner cylinder.

12. In an automatic electric heater, a battery dopen-ended 'carboncylinders of different diameters concentrically arranged, upper andlower non-conducting plates having spacing devices thereon forpositioning the upper and lower ends of said cylinders, a non-conductingmuliler located within the inner of said cylinders, and supportedbetween said-plates, a resistance coil carried by said mulierandconnected in series to said battery and having an ohmic `resistance often times that of said battery when immersed i'n water, a case inclosingsaid battery, a cover plate for said case, and sealing devices for saidcover plate, said case having on its interior a lining of non-conductingmaterial and the' inner periphery of the inner cylinder being also linedwith nonconducting material, said case having an inlet and an outlet inits lower portion for the' liquid to be heated.

13. In an automatic electric heater,a case, a cover plate therefor,sealing devices for said plate, an inlet and outlet for the .iuid to beheated' at the lower'portion-of said case, 'a lower non-conducting platesup`l ported -on the bottom of said case, spacing devices on the top ofsaid plate, a battery of concentric carbon, cylinders supported uponsaid plate and positioned by said spacing devices, an upper plate havingspacing'devices on the bottomxthereof, andl adapted to position. theupper 'portionpisaid cylinders, said upper plate having its-topportionwin contact, withgsaidfcover plate for securing the partsinassembledposition, said lower plate having a recess therein, a-.rnbbe`ridis k supported in said recess, a non-conductingmuil'lermounted on said rubber disk, a resistance coil carried by saidmuffler,-a cap above said cover plate,-electrical conductors passingthrough said cap and cover plate, insulating and sealing devices4carried vby said cover plate, and connections from said insulating andsealing devices tosaid re-A sistance coiland to said cylinders. l 14. Ina device of the character stated, an insulating and sealing connection Lcomprising a` plate, fa 'contact washer 48 having a `conductor'connected thereto, a rubebr washer 49 belowsaid contact washer and incontact with the top of said plate, a second rubber lwasher 51 below .ysaid plate and in contact therewith, a contact washer 52 below saidlast-mentioned rubber washer, a screw 54 passing Ythrough `said. washersand plate and surrounded by an insulating sleeve-50 and a nut on'saidscrew. 'f

15. In a device of the character stated, an upper non-conducting platehaving a cen'- tral opening therethrough, Van inner series of ports 43and an outer series of elon ated ports. 44 and 45,'spacing-lugs 36 and 3depending from said plate and concentrically arranged, a lowernon-conducting plate-19 having a central recess therein, a rubber, diskseated in said recess and provided with ports 23 alining with ports 24in said bottom plate, the top of the latter having spacing lugs 25 and26 therein, a battery of carbon elements secured between andspaced apartby said plates and lugs, and a resistance coil connected ,in series.with said-*carbon elements. .-V; g l 16, In a device of the character.'stated, a battery of three open-ended carbon cylinders` concentricallyarranged, a resistance coil mounted within the inner of said cylinders.and connected to the intermediate cylinder, andelectrical connectionscommon to the inner. and outer cylinders, the lower portions of the twoouter cylinders having holes therein to permit the egress of the heatedliquid.' 17. In adevi'ce of the character stated, a battery of threeopen-ended carbon cylinders concentrically arranged, a case inclosingsaid battery, a resistance coil mounted within' the inner of saidvcylinders and connected to the intermediate cylinder, electricalconnections common tothe inner and outer cylinders, the lower portionsof the two outer cylinders having holes therein to permit the egress ofthe heated liquid, the inner surface of said case being provided with anon-conducting lining and a nonconducting lining on the inner portion ofsaid inner cylinder.

18. In a device oi' the character stated, an upper non-conducting platehaving a central opening therethrough, an inner series of ports 43, anouter series of elongated ports 44 and 45 and depending spacing lugs 36and 37 concentrically arranged, a lower non-conducting plate 19 having acentral recess therein, a rubber disk seated in said recess and providedwith ports 23 alining with ports Q4 in said bottom plate, the top of thelatter having spacing lugs 25 and 26 therein, and a battery of carbonelements secured between and spaced apart by said plates and lugs, aporcelain muilier supported upon said rubber disk and held in positionby said plates, said muilier having a vertical passage extendingtherethrough, and lateral ports at its bottom, a case inclosing saidplate and battery. and a resistance coil mounted on said muffler andconnected in series with said battery of carbon elements.

19. In a device of the character stated, an upper non-conducting platehaving a central opening therethrough, an inner series of ports 43, anouter series of elongated ports 44 and 45 and depending spacing lugs 36and 37 concentrically arranged, a lower non-conducting plate 19 having acentra-l recess therein, a rubber disk seated in said recess andprovided with ports alining with ports in said bottom plate, the top ofthe latter havingI spacing lugs and 26 therein, a battery of tubularcarbon elements secured between and spaced apart by said plates, aporcelain Inutile supported upon said rubber disk and held in positionbetween said plates, said muiiler having a vertical passage extendingtherethrough. and lateral ports at its bottom and a resistance coilmounted on said muiiler and connected in series with said battery ofcarbon elements.

20. In a device of the character stated, a case open at its top andprovided at its bottom withinlet and outlet openings, a hollow mufflesupported within said case, and havingr a resistance coil thereon, aplurality of carbon cylinders also supported within said caseconcentricallv with respect to each other and to said muille, an.annular enlargement in the top of said case, a steam and water-tightpacking ring supported upon a shoulder in the top of said case, a coverplate having a laterally projecting flange engaging said packing, and anexternally threaded ring engaging an internal upper threaded portion oisaid case for holding said cover plate in assembled position.

21. In a device of the character stated, a case open at its top andprovided at its bottom with inlet and outlet openings, a hollow muiilesupported within said case and having a resistance coil thereon, aplurality of carbon cylinders also supported within said caseconcentrically with respect to each other and to said muiiie, an annularenlargement in the top of said case, a steam and water-tight packingring supported upon a shoulder in the top of said case, a cover platehaving a laterally projecting flange engaging said packing, anexternally threaded ring engaging an internal upper threaded portion ofsaid case for holding the cover plate in assembled position, and aninverted cup-shaped plate supported on top of said cover plate andprovided with a bottom flange and fastening devices common to saidflange and said threaded ring.

22. In a device of the character stated, an upper non-conducting platehaving a central opening therethrough, an inner series of ports 43, anouter series of elongated ports 44 and 45 and depending spacing lugs 36and 37 concentrically arranged, a lower non-conducting plate 19 having acentral recess therein, a rubber disk seated in said recess and providedwith ports alining with ports in said lower plate, the top of the latterhaving,r spacing lugs 25 and 26 therein, a battery of carbon elementssecured between and spaced apart by said plates and lugs, a porcelainmuiile supported upon said rubber disk and held in position between saidplates, said muille having a vertical passage extending therethrough andlateral ports at its bottom, a resistance coil mounted on said muilleand connected in series with said battery of carbon elements, a casesurrounding said plates and battery and having its inner `wall rovidedwith a non-conducting lining and a non-conducting lining on the innerperiphery of the inner carbon element.

VANTOYIO PAPINI. Witnesses:

JOHN A. WIEDnnsHEn-w, N. BUssrNGER`

